A fast GNU method to draw accurate scientific illustrations for taxonomy

Nowadays only digital figures are accepted by the most important journals of taxonomy. These may be produced by scanning conventional drawings, made with high precision technical ink-pens, which normally use capillary cartridge and various line widths. Digital drawing techniques that use vector graphics, have already been described in literature to support scientists in drawing figures and plates for scientific illustrations; these techniques use many different software and hardware devices. The present work gives step-by-step instructions on how to make accurate line drawings with a new procedure that uses bitmap graphics with the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP). This method is noteworthy: it is very accurate, producing detailed lines at the highest resolution; the raster lines appear as realistic ink-made drawings; it is faster than the traditional way of making illustrations; everyone can use this simple technique; this method is completely free as it does not use expensive and licensed software and it can be used with different operating systems. The method has been developed drawing figures of terrestrial isopods and some examples are here given.     

《菌物学报》三十年回眸与展望

就下列三方面进行论述:首先就《菌物学报》的简史进行了回顾。对《真菌学报》及《Mycosystema》的创刊及其背景进行了简短叙述。当《Mycosystema》已被《Dictionary of the Fungi》第八版作为世界25种菌物科学定期刊物之一列入国际刊物名录后,学会和开放实验室决定将《真菌学报》并入《Mycosystema》;就中文刊名启用《菌物学报》的背景进行了回顾。其次,就菌物多样性及其分类学与演化系统生物学、《菌物学报》所扮演的三大存取系统之一——菌物信息存取系统的重要性进行了论述。再次,对《菌物学报》的过去和现在的历史性贡献予以肯定;对其今后的作用抱有期望。     

An appraisal of seed enumeration and videographic techniques for determining seed removal rates by birds

We examined the efficacy of seed enumeration and videographic techniques for determining seed removal by birds from indigenous (Chrysanthemoides monilifera and Olea europaea subsp africana) and alien (Lantana camara and Solanum mauritianum) shrubs at different study sites in the Cape Floristic Region. The seed enumeration technique involved counting the numbers of fruits and associated seeds removed monthly by birds, excluding those naturally abscised, from the shrub canopy. The videographic technique involved visual counts from images of the numbers of fruits and associated seeds consumed by birds over specific time intervals captured by a digital camcorder. Daily seed removal rates by all birds, irrespective of species, measured by both techniques were similar with no significant interactions evident between measuring techniques, site and shrub species. Both techniques displayed higher seed removal from tiny‐seeded S. mauritianum than other shrub species; this was also evident among individual bird species. However, the seed enumeration technique was unable to discriminate between foraging organisms, contamination of traps by wind‐blown fruits abscised from neighbouring branches and fruit theft from the canopy and the traps. In contrast, the videographic technique provided permanent visual and time‐lapse records for individual foraging bird species allowing greater measurement precision and interpretation of fruit removal behaviour by birds. We recommend use of the videographic technique over the seed enumeration technique for studying vertebrates’ seed removal in a detailed manner.     

Writing Scientific Biography

Much writing on scientific biography focuses on the legitimacy and utility of this genre. In contrast, this essay discusses a variety of genre conventions and imperatives which continue to exert a powerful influence on the selection of biographical subjects, and to control the plot and structure of the ensuing biographies. These imperatives include the following: the plot templates of the Bildungsroman (the realistic novel of individual self-development), the life trajectories of Weberian ideal types, and the functional elements and personae of the folkloric tale of the “hero’s quest.” The essay discusses the nature and application of these genre conventions in some detail, with the conclusion that biography, however useful, exerts a powerfully distorting influence on the image of how most science gets done.     

建立科研小组提高食品微生物学实验教学质量

立足当前本科实验教学中存在的问题及毕业生就业形势,为进一步提高食品微生物学实验教学质量,提出在食品学科内建立科研小组的观点     

基于混合式教学的微课设计在提高医学微生物学教学质量中的应用

以病毒增殖的微课教学设计为例,探讨医学微生物学微课设计的一种理念,即将医学微生物学的课程内容、科学精神和医学生的知识技能深度融合开展微课教学设计。采用语音、文字、图片和视频等多元信息的整合生动表达教学内容。使科研情景、知识结论、知识应用、知识与实践的联系、思考后的小结有序呈现。由此让微课教学在提高医学微生物学教学质量中发挥积极作用。     

“人体解剖及动物生理学实验”教学中科教融合理念的强化与运用

高等教育承担着人才培养的重大任务。教学和科研是高等学校不可或缺的两大职能,在当前的教育教学中,两者的关系存在失衡、融合度低等问题。本文从人体解剖及动物生理学实验及教学已存在的问题出发,主要从应用科研思政教育提高学生认知能力、结合科研实践开发实验项目、加强课堂教学与科研实践的结合等方面进行探索,树立科教融合发展的基本理念,实现高素质创新人才的培养目标。     

科技论文中线条图的优化编辑

线条图已在科技论文中得到广泛应用,良好的线条图可以将复杂的数据资料直观、简洁、明了地展现在读者面前,更有利于读者阅读和获取信息,更有助于作者思想的表达和科技信息的传播。以科技论文作者使用线条图中存在的问题为例,着重介绍了科技论文中线条图的几种优化方法。作者根据多年的编辑加工经验,通过对图类型选择、横纵坐标和图例的调整、图的合并拆分、图表转换、代码应用等方面的优化实例,为科技论文的合理加工提供信息和方法。通过线条图的优化,准确表达作者的思想和科学研究结果,有效地促进科技成果的快速传播。     

Communicating the consensus on climate change to college biology majors: The importance of preaching to the choir

College and university biology majors who are not climate change deniers may yet be unaware of the degree of scientific consensus on climate change and unprepared to communicate about climate science to others. This study reports on a population of climate change accepting biology majors at a large, private research university in the American northeast. Our students tended to greatly underestimate the degree of scientific consensus around climate change, to be only moderately worried about climate change, and to be unconfident in their ability to communicate about the state of the scientific consensus around climate change. After an introduction to the scholarly literature that substantiates and quantifies the scientific consensus on climate change in the context of a course on biological research literature, our students showed significant increases in their estimates of the consensus on climate change, and their estimates were more accurate. Additionally, they became more worried about climate change as well as more confident in their ability to communicate about the scientific consensus to others. These results are in line with the Gateway Belief Model, which positions perception of scientific agreement on climate change as an important driver of acceptance and motivation toward action.